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Details about Lithium Ion Electrolyte Materials
Notes of Electrolyte Salts
- \(\text{LiPF}_\text{6}\) (Lithium Hexafluorophosphate) (main conductive salt, decomposes at high temperatures, reacts with water traces to form toxic \(\text{HF}\))
- \(\text{LiBr}\) (Lithium Bromate) (common additive salt)
- \(\text{LiAsF}_\text{6}\) (Lithium Hexafluoroarsenate)
- \(\text{LiClO}_\text{4}\) (Lithium Perchlorate)
- \(\text{LiBF}\text{4}\) (Lithium Tetrafluoroborate)
- \(\text{LiAlCl}_\text{4}\) (Lithium Tetrachloroaluminate / Lithium Aluminium Chloride / Li-AC)
- \(\text{LiCF}_\text{3}\text{SO}_\text{3}\) (Lithium Trifluoromethanesulfonate / Lithium Triflate / Li-TFS / LiOTf)
- \(\text{LiN(CF}_\text{3}\text{SO}_\text{2}\text{)}_\text{2}\) (Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide / Lithium Bistriflimide / Li-TFSI / LiNTf₂)
- \(\text{LiC(SO}_\text{2}\text{CF}_\text{3}\text{)}_\text{3}\) (Lithium tris(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)methide / Lithium Triflide / Li-TFSM / LiCTf₃)
- (Lithium Cyclo-difluoromethane-1,1-bis(sulfonyl)imide / Li-DMSI)
- (Lithium Cyclo-hexafluoropropane-1,1-bis(sulfonyl)imide / LiHPSI)
- LiFSI
- LiBOB
- LiFAP
- LiBETI
- LiDFOB
- LiBFMB
- LiBison
- LiDCTA
- LiTDI
- LiPDI
Note
- Trifluoromethanesulfonate is also called Triflate, denoted as TF or -OTf
- Trifluoromethanesulfonyl group is also called Triflyl, denoted as -Tf
- Bis(Trifluoromethanesunfonyl)imide group is also called Bistriflimide or Bistriflimide, denoted as TFSI or -NTF₂
More Resources
- ScienceDirect Notes on Lithium Salts
- Safety Levels
- Ionic Radius (from van der Waals volumes)
- Limiting Molar Conductivity
- Degree of Dissociation
- Passivity
- Royal Society of Chemistry Notes of Lithium Salts for Advance Lithium Batteries
- Shows structures
Solid Electrolytes
They are divided into All-Solid-State-Electrolytes and Quasi-Solid-State-Electrolytes (or Gel Polymer Electrolytes).
All-Solid-State-Electrolytes can be divided into three categories, namely Inorganic Solid Electrolytes (ISEs), Solid Polymer Electrolytes (SPEs), and Composite Solid Electrolytes (CSEs).
Note
Li-Po batteries use SPEs and GPEs.
Inorganic Solid Electrolytes (ISE)
Solid Polymer Electrolytes (SPE) / Dry SPE
An SPE was initially defined as a polymer matrix swollen with lithium salts, but is now referred to as Dry Solid Polymer Electrolyte.
- Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)
- Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
- Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)
- Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF)
Composite Solid Electrolytes (CSE)
Gel Polymer Electrolytes (GPE)
- \(\ce{Li10GeP2S12}\) (LGPS)
- \(\ce{Li6PS5Cl}\) / \(\ce{Li_{5.5}PS_{4.5}Cl_{1.5}}\) (LSPCI)
- Tetra-\(\ce{Li7SiPS8}\) (LiSiPS)
- \(\ce{Li_{3+x}Si_xP_{1-x}S_4}\) (Thio-LISICON)
- Poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE)
- Garnet
- Thin Film (LiPON)