Details about Lithium Ion Electrolyte Materials

Details about Lithium Ion Electrolyte Materials
- Notes of Electrolyte Salts
- Solid Electrolytes

Notes of Electrolyte Salts

\(\text{LiPF}_\text{6}\) (Lithium Hexafluorophosphate) (main conductive salt, decomposes at high temperatures, reacts with water traces to form toxic \(\text{HF}\))
\(\text{LiBr}\) (Lithium Bromate) (common additive salt)
\(\text{LiAsF}_\text{6}\) (Lithium Hexafluoroarsenate)
\(\text{LiClO}_\text{4}\) (Lithium Perchlorate)
\(\text{LiBF}\text{4}\) (Lithium Tetrafluoroborate)
\(\text{LiAlCl}_\text{4}\) (Lithium Tetrachloroaluminate / Lithium Aluminium Chloride / Li-AC)
\(\text{LiCF}_\text{3}\text{SO}_\text{3}\) (Lithium Trifluoromethanesulfonate / Lithium Triflate / Li-TFS / LiOTf)
\(\text{LiN(CF}_\text{3}\text{SO}_\text{2}\text{)}_\text{2}\) (Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide / Lithium Bistriflimide / Li-TFSI / LiNTf₂)
\(\text{LiC(SO}_\text{2}\text{CF}_\text{3}\text{)}_\text{3}\) (Lithium tris(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)methide / Lithium Triflide / Li-TFSM / LiCTf₃)
(Lithium Cyclo-difluoromethane-1,1-bis(sulfonyl)imide / Li-DMSI)
(Lithium Cyclo-hexafluoropropane-1,1-bis(sulfonyl)imide / LiHPSI)
LiFSI
LiBOB
LiFAP
LiBETI
LiDFOB
LiBFMB
LiBison
LiDCTA
LiTDI
LiPDI

Note

Trifluoromethanesulfonate is also called Triflate, denoted as TF or -OTf
Trifluoromethanesulfonyl group is also called Triflyl, denoted as -Tf
Bis(Trifluoromethanesunfonyl)imide group is also called Bistriflimide or Bistriflimide, denoted as TFSI or -NTF₂

More Resources

ScienceDirect Notes on Lithium Salts
Safety Levels
Ionic Radius (from van der Waals volumes)
Limiting Molar Conductivity
Degree of Dissociation
Passivity
Royal Society of Chemistry Notes of Lithium Salts for Advance Lithium Batteries
Shows structures

Solid Electrolytes

They are divided into All-Solid-State-Electrolytes and Quasi-Solid-State-Electrolytes (or Gel Polymer Electrolytes).

All-Solid-State-Electrolytes can be divided into three categories, namely Inorganic Solid Electrolytes (ISEs), Solid Polymer Electrolytes (SPEs), and Composite Solid Electrolytes (CSEs).

Note

Li-Po batteries use SPEs and GPEs.

Inorganic Solid Electrolytes (ISE)

Solid Polymer Electrolytes (SPE) / Dry SPE

An SPE was initially defined as a polymer matrix swollen with lithium salts, but is now referred to as Dry Solid Polymer Electrolyte.

Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)
Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF)

Composite Solid Electrolytes (CSE)

Gel Polymer Electrolytes (GPE)

\(\ce{Li10GeP2S12}\) (LGPS)
\(\ce{Li6PS5Cl}\) / \(\ce{Li_{5.5}PS_{4.5}Cl_{1.5}}\) (LSPCI)
Tetra-\(\ce{Li7SiPS8}\) (LiSiPS)
\(\ce{Li_{3+x}Si_xP_{1-x}S_4}\) (Thio-LISICON)
Poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE)
Garnet
Thin Film (LiPON)